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RETURN

RETURN子句定义了 nGQL 查询的输出结果。如果需要返回多个字段，用英文逗号（,）分隔。

RETURN可以引导子句或语句：

  • RETURN子句可以用于 nGQL 中的 openCypher 方式语句中，例如MATCH或UNWIND。
  • RETURN可以单独使用，输出表达式的结果。

openCypher 兼容性

本文操作仅适用于 nGQL 中的 openCypher 方式。关于原生 nGQL 如何定义输出结果，请参见 YIELD。

RETURN不支持如下 openCypher 功能：

  • 使用不在英文字母表中的字符作为变量名。例如：

    MATCH (`点 1`:player) \
RETURN `点 1`;

  • 设置一个模式，并返回该模式匹配的所有元素。例如：

    MATCH (v:player) \
RETURN (v)-[e]->(v2);

历史版本兼容性

  • 在 nGQL 1.x 中，RETURN适用于原生 nGQL，语法为RETURN <var_ref> IF <var_ref> IS NOT NULL。
  • 在 nGQL 2.0 中，RETURN不适用于原生 nGQL。

Map 顺序说明

RETURN返回 Map 时，Key 的顺序是未定义的。

nebula> RETURN {age: 32, name: "Marco Belinelli"};
+------------------------------------+
| {age:32,name:"Marco Belinelli"}    |
+------------------------------------+
| {age: 32, name: "Marco Belinelli"} |
+------------------------------------+

nebula> RETURN {zage: 32, name: "Marco Belinelli"};
+-------------------------------------+
| {zage:32,name:"Marco Belinelli"}    |
+-------------------------------------+
| {name: "Marco Belinelli", zage: 32} |
+-------------------------------------+

返回点

nebula> MATCH (v:player) \
        RETURN v;
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| v                                                             |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ("player104" :player{age: 32, name: "Marco Belinelli"})       |
| ("player107" :player{age: 32, name: "Aron Baynes"})           |
| ("player116" :player{age: 34, name: "LeBron James"})          |
| ("player120" :player{age: 29, name: "James Harden"})          |
| ("player125" :player{age: 41, name: "Manu Ginobili"})         |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
...

返回边

nebula> MATCH (v:player)-[e]->() \
        RETURN e;
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| e                                                                            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [:follow "player104"->"player100" @0 {degree: 55}]                           |
| [:follow "player104"->"player101" @0 {degree: 50}]                           |
| [:follow "player104"->"player105" @0 {degree: 60}]                           |
| [:serve "player104"->"team200" @0 {end_year: 2009, start_year: 2007}]        |
| [:serve "player104"->"team208" @0 {end_year: 2016, start_year: 2015}]        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
...

返回属性

使用语法{<vertex_name>|<edge_name>}.<property>返回点或边的属性。

nebula> MATCH (v:player) \
        RETURN v.name, v.age \
        LIMIT 3;
+-------------------+-------+
| v.name            | v.age |
+-------------------+-------+
| "Rajon Rondo"     | 33    |
| "Rudy Gay"        | 32    |
| "Dejounte Murray" | 29    |
+-------------------+-------+

返回所有元素

使用星号（*）返回匹配模式中的所有元素。

nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tim Duncan"}) \
        RETURN *;
+----------------------------------------------------+
| v                                                  |
+----------------------------------------------------+
| ("player100" :player{age: 42, name: "Tim Duncan"}) |
+----------------------------------------------------+

nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tim Duncan"})-[e]->(v2) \
        RETURN *;
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| v                                                  | e                                                                     | v2                                                    |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| ("player100" :player{age: 42, name: "Tim Duncan"}) | [:follow "player100"->"player101" @0 {degree: 95}]                    | ("player101" :player{age: 36, name: "Tony Parker"})   |
| ("player100" :player{age: 42, name: "Tim Duncan"}) | [:follow "player100"->"player125" @0 {degree: 95}]                    | ("player125" :player{age: 41, name: "Manu Ginobili"}) |
| ("player100" :player{age: 42, name: "Tim Duncan"}) | [:serve "player100"->"team204" @0 {end_year: 2016, start_year: 1997}] | ("team204" :team{name: "Spurs"})                      |
+----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+

重命名字段

使用语法AS <alias>重命名输出结果中的字段。

nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tim Duncan"})-[:serve]->(v2) \
        RETURN v2.name AS Team;
+---------+
| Team    |
+---------+
| "Spurs" |
+---------+

nebula> RETURN "Amber" AS Name;
+---------+
| Name    |
+---------+
| "Amber" |
+---------+

返回不存在的属性

如果匹配的结果中，某个属性不存在，会返回NULL。

nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tim Duncan"})-[e]->(v2) \
        RETURN v2.name, type(e), v2.age;
+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| v2.name         | type(e)  | v2.age       |
+-----------------+----------+--------------+
| "Tony Parker"   | "follow" | 36           |
| "Manu Ginobili" | "follow" | 41           |
| "Spurs"         | "serve"  | UNKNOWN_PROP |
+-----------------+----------+--------------+

返回表达式结果

RETURN语句可以返回字面量、函数或谓词等表达式的结果。

nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tony Parker"})-->(v2:player) \
        RETURN DISTINCT v2.name, "Hello"+" graphs!", v2.age > 35;
+---------------------+----------------------+-------------+
| v2.name             | ("Hello"+" graphs!") | (v2.age>35) |
+---------------------+----------------------+-------------+
| "Tim Duncan"        | "Hello graphs!"      | true        |
| "LaMarcus Aldridge" | "Hello graphs!"      | false       |
| "Manu Ginobili"     | "Hello graphs!"      | true        |
+---------------------+----------------------+-------------+

nebula> RETURN 1+1;
+-------+
| (1+1) |
+-------+
| 2     |
+-------+

nebula> RETURN 3 > 1;
+-------+
| (3>1) |
+-------+
| true  |
+-------+

nebula> RETURN 1+1, rand32(1, 5);
+-------+-------------+
| (1+1) | rand32(1,5) |
+-------+-------------+
| 2     | 1           |
+-------+-------------+

返回唯一字段

使用DISTINCT可以删除结果集中的重复字段。

# 未使用 DISTINCT。
nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tony Parker"})--(v2:player) \
        RETURN v2.name, v2.age;
+---------------------+--------+
| v2.name             | v2.age |
+---------------------+--------+
| "Tim Duncan"        | 42     |
| "LaMarcus Aldridge" | 33     |
| "Marco Belinelli"   | 32     |
| "Boris Diaw"        | 36     |
| "Dejounte Murray"   | 29     |
| "Tim Duncan"        | 42     |
| "LaMarcus Aldridge" | 33     |
| "Manu Ginobili"     | 41     |
+---------------------+--------+

# 使用 DISTINCT。
nebula> MATCH (v:player{name:"Tony Parker"})--(v2:player) \
        RETURN DISTINCT v2.name, v2.age;
+---------------------+--------+
| v2.name             | v2.age |
+---------------------+--------+
| "Tim Duncan"        | 42     |
| "LaMarcus Aldridge" | 33     |
| "Marco Belinelli"   | 32     |
| "Boris Diaw"        | 36     |
| "Dejounte Murray"   | 29     |
| "Manu Ginobili"     | 41     |
+---------------------+--------+
最后更新: March 7, 2023