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集合操作(UNIONINTERSECTMINUS)Graph

您可以使用集合运算符 UNIONUNION ALLINTERSECTMINUS 进行多个组合查询。所有集合运算符具有相同的优先级。如果 nGQL 语句包含多个集合运算符,则 NebulaGraph 将对其进行从左到右处理,除非使用括号明确指定了顺序。

复合查询中,GO 语句返回的结果必须列数相同,且数据类型相同(比如均为数字类型或字符类型)。

UNION,UNION DISTINCT,UNION ALLGraph

UNION DISTINCT(简称 UNION)返回数据集 A 和 B 的并集(不包含重复元素)。

UNION ALL 返回数据集 A 和 B 的并集(包含重复元素)。UNION 语法为

<left> UNION [DISTINCT | ALL] <right> [ UNION [DISTINCT | ALL] <right> ...]

<left><right> 必须列数相同,且数据类型相同。如果数据类型不同,将按照Graph进行转换。

示例Graph

nebula> GO FROM 1 OVER e1 \
        UNION \
        GO FROM 2 OVER e1;

以上语句返回点 12(沿边 e1)关联的唯一的点。

nebula> GO FROM 1 OVER e1 \
        UNION ALL\
        GO FROM 2 OVER e1;

以上语句返回点 12 关联的所有点,其中存在重复点。

UNION 亦可与 YIELD 同时使用,例如以下语句:

nebula> GO FROM 1 OVER e1 YIELD e1._dst AS id, e1.prop1 AS col_1, $$.tag.prop2 AS col_2; -- query 1
=======================
| id  | col_1| col_2  |
=======================
| 104 |   1  |    2   |    -- line 1
-----------------------
| 215 |   4  |    3   |    -- line 3
-----------------------

nebula> GO FROM 2,3 OVER e1 YIELD e1._dst AS id, e1.prop1 AS col_1, $$.tag.prop2 AS col_2;  -- query 2
======================
| id  | col_1| col_2 |
======================
| 104 |   1  |    2  |    -- line 1
----------------------
| 104 |   2  |    2  |    -- line 2
----------------------
nebula> GO FROM 1 OVER e1 YIELD e1._dst AS id, e1.prop1 AS col_1, $$.tag.prop2 AS col_2   \
        UNION /* DISTINCT */     \
        GO FROM 2,3 OVER e1 YIELD e1._dst AS id, e1.prop1 AS col_1, $$.tag.prop2 AS col_2;

以上语句返回

=======================
| id  | col_1| col_2  |    -- UNION or UNION DISTINCT. The column names come from query 1
=======================
| 104 |  1   |    2   |    -- line 1
-----------------------
| 104 |  2   |    2   |    -- line 2
-----------------------
| 215 |  4   |    3   |    -- line 3
-----------------------

请注意第一行与第二行返回相同 id 的点,但是返回的值不同。DISTINCT 检查返回结果中的重复值。所以第一行与第二行的返回结果不同。 UNION ALL 返回结果为

nebula> GO FROM 1 OVER e1 YIELD e1._dst AS id, e1.prop1 AS col_1, $$.tag.prop2 AS col_2   \
        UNION ALL   \
        GO FROM 2,3 OVER e1 YIELD e1._dst AS id, e1.prop1 AS col_1, $$.tag.prop2 AS col_2;

======================
| id  | col_1| col_2 |    -- UNION ALL
======================
| 104 |   1  |   2   |    -- line 1
----------------------
| 104 |   1  |   2   |    -- line 1
----------------------
| 104 |   2  |   2   |    -- line 2
----------------------
| 215 |   4  |   3   |    -- line 3
----------------------

INTERSECTGraph

INTERSECT 返回集合 A 和 B 的交集(A ⋂ B)。

<left> INTERSECT <right>

UNION 类似, <left><right> 必须列数相同,且数据类型相同。 此外,只返回 <left><right> 相同的行。例如:

nebula> GO FROM 1 OVER e1 YIELD e1._dst AS id, e1.prop1 AS col_1, $$.tag.prop2 AS col_2
INTERSECT
GO FROM 2,3 OVER e1 YIELD e1._dst AS id, e1.prop1 AS col_1, $$.tag.prop2 AS col_2;

返回

=======================
| id  | col_1 | col_2 |
=======================
| 104 |   1   |    2  |    -- line 1
-----------------------

MINUSGraph

返回 A - B 数据的差集,此处请注意运算顺序。例如:

nebula> GO FROM 1 OVER e1 YIELD e1._dst AS id, e1.prop1 AS col_1, $$.tag.prop2 AS col_2
MINUS
GO FROM 2,3 OVER e1 YIELD e1._dst AS id, e1.prop1 AS col_1, $$.tag.prop2 AS col_2;

返回

========================
| id  | col_1 | col_2  |
========================
| 215 |   4   |    3   |     -- line 3
------------------------

如果更改 MINUS 顺序

nebula> GO FROM 2,3 OVER e1 YIELD e1._dst AS id, e1.prop1 AS col_1, $$.tag.prop2 AS col_2
MINUS
GO FROM 1 OVER e1 YIELD e1._dst AS id, e1.prop1 AS col_1, $$.tag.prop2 AS col_2;

则返回

=======================
| id  | col_1 | col_2 |    -- column named from query 2
=======================
| 104 |    2  |    2  |    -- line 2
-----------------------

集合操作和管道的优先级Graph

请注意当一条查询同时包含管道 | 和集合操作时,管道的优先级高于集合操作。管道用法请参考Graph。语句 GO FROM 1 UNION GO FROM 2 | GO FROM 3 等价于语句 GO FROM 1 UNION (GO FROM 2 | GO FROM 3)

例如:

nebula> GO FROM 100 OVER follow YIELD follow._dst AS play_dst  \
        UNION \
        GO FROM 200 OVER serve REVERSELY YIELD serve._dst AS play_dst \
        | GO FROM $-.play_dst OVER follow YIELD follow._dst AS play_dst;

image

红色框内的语句先执行,然后再执行绿色框内的语句。

nebula> (GO FROM 100 OVER follow YIELD follow._dst AS play_dst  \
        UNION \
        GO FROM 200 OVER serve REVERSELY YIELD serve._dst AS play_dst) \
        | GO FROM $-.play_dst OVER follow YIELD follow._dst AS play_dst;

以上语句中,括号改变了执行的优先级,括号内的语句先执行。


最后更新: 2020年6月10日