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SQL 和 nGQLGraph

基本概念对比Graph

概念名称 SQL nGQL
vertex \ vertex
edge \ edge
vertex type \ tag
edge type \ edge type
vertex identifier \ vid
edge identifier edge id generated by default src, dst, rank
column column \
row row \

语法对比Graph

数据定义语言(DDL)Graph

数据定义语言(DDL)用于定义数据库 schema。 DDL 语句可以创建或修改数据库的结构。

对比项 SQL nGQL
创建图空间(数据库) CREATE DATABASE <database_name> CREATE SPACE <space_name>
列出图空间(数据库) SHOW DATABASES SHOW SPACES
使用图空间(数据库) USE <database_name> USE <space_name>
删除图空间(数据库) DROP DATABASE <database_name> DROP SPACE <space_name>
修改图空间(数据库) ALTER DATABASE <database_name> alter_option \
创建 tags/edges \ CREATE TAG | EDGE <tag_name>
创建表 CREATE TABLE <tbl_name> (create_definition,...) \
列出表列名 SHOW COLUMNS FROM <tbl_name> \
列出 tags/edges \ SHOW TAGS | EDGES
Describe tags/edge \ DESCRIBE TAG | EDGE <tag_name | edge_name>
修改 tags/edge \ ALTER TAG | EDGE <tag_name | edge_name>
修改表 ALTER TABLE <tbl_name> \

索引Graph

对比项 SQL nGQL
创建索引 CREATE INDEX CREATE {TAG | EDGE} INDEX
删除索引 DROP INDEX DROP {TAG | EDGE} INDEX
列出索引 SHOW INDEX FROM SHOW {TAG | EDGE} INDEXES
重构索引 ANALYZE TABLE REBUILD {TAG | EDGE} INDEX <index_name> [OFFLINE]

数据操作语言(DML)Graph

数据操作语言(DML)用于操作数据库中的数据。

对比项 SQL nGQL
插入数据 INSERT IGNORE INTO <tbl_name> [(col_name [, col_name] ...)] {VALUES | VALUE} [(value_list) [, (value_list)] INSERT VERTEX <tag_name> (prop_name_list[, prop_name_list]) {VALUES | VALUE} vid: (prop_value_list[, prop_value_list])
INSERT EDGE <edge_name> ( <prop_name_list> ) VALUES | VALUE <src_vid> -> <dst_vid>[@<rank>] : ( <prop_value_list> )
查询数据 SELECT GO, FETCH
更新数据 UPDATE <tbl_name> SET field1=new-value1, field2=new-value2 [WHERE Clause] UPDATE VERTEX <vid> SET <update_columns> [WHEN <condition>]
UPDATE EDGE <edge> SET <update_columns> [WHEN <condition>]
删除数据 DELETE FROM <tbl_name> [WHERE Clause] DELETE EDGE <edge_type> <vid> -> <vid>[@<rank>] [, <vid> -> <vid> ...]
DELETE VERTEX <vid_list>
拼接数据 JOIN |

数据查询语言(DQL)Graph

数据查询语言(DQL)语句用于执行数据查询。本节说明如何使用 SQL 语句和 nGQL 语句查询数据。

SELECT
 [DISTINCT]
 select_expr [, select_expr] ...
 [FROM table_references]
 [WHERE where_condition]
 [GROUP BY {col_name | expr | position}]
 [HAVING  where_condition]
 [ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position} [ASC | DESC]]
GO [[<M> TO] <N> STEPS ] FROM <node_list>
 OVER <edge_type_list> [REVERSELY] [BIDIRECT]
 [WHERE where_condition]
 [YIELD [DISTINCT] <return_list>]
 [| ORDER BY <expression> [ASC | DESC]]
 [| LIMIT [<offset_value>,] <number_rows>]
 [| GROUP BY {col_name | expr | position} YIELD <col_name>]

<node_list>
   | <vid> [, <vid> ...]
   | $-.id

<edge_type_list>
   edge_type [, edge_type ...]

<return_list>
    <col_name> [AS <col_alias>] [, <col_name> [AS <col_alias>] ...]

数据控制语言(DCL)Graph

数据控制语言(DCL)包含诸如 GRANTREVOKE 之类的命令,这些命令主要用来处理数据库系统的权限,其他控件。

对比项 SQL nGQL
创建用户 CREATE USER CREATE USER
删除用户 DROP USER DROP USER
更改密码 SET PASSWORD CHANGE PASSWORD
授予权限 GRANT <priv_type> ON [object_type] TO <user> GRANT ROLE <role_type> ON <space> TO <user>
删除权限 REVOKE <priv_type> ON [object_type] TO <user> REVOKE ROLE <role_type> ON <space> FROM <user>

数据模型Graph

查询语句基于以下数据模型:

MySQLGraph

image

NebulaGraphGraph

image

增删改查(CRUD)Graph

本节介绍如何使用 SQL 和 nGQL 语句创建(C)、读取(R)、更新(U)和删除(D)数据。

插入数据Graph

mysql> INSERT INTO player VALUES (100, 'Tim Duncan', 42);

nebula> INSERT VERTEX player(name, age) VALUES 100: ('Tim Duncan', 42);

查询数据Graph

Find the player whose id is 100 and output the name property:

mysql> SELECT player.name FROM player WHERE player.id = 100;

nebula> FETCH PROP ON player 100 YIELD player.name;

更新数据Graph

mysql> UPDATE player SET name = 'Tim';

nebula> UPDATE VERTEX 100 SET player.name = "Tim";

删除数据Graph

mysql> DELETE FROM player WHERE name = 'Tim';

nebula> DELETE VERTEX 121;
nebula> DELETE EDGE follow 100 -> 200;

示例查询Graph

示例 1Graph

返回年龄超过 36 岁的球员。

mysql> SELECT player.name
FROM player
WHERE player.age < 36;

使用 nGQL 查询有些不同,因为您必须在过滤属性之前创建索引。更多信息请参见 Graph。

nebula> CREATE TAG INDEX player_age ON player(age);
nebula> REBUILD TAG INDEX player_age OFFLINE;
nebula> LOOKUP ON player WHERE player.age < 36;

示例 2Graph

查找球员 Tim Duncan 并返回他效力的所有球队。

mysql> SELECT a.id, a.name, c.name
FROM player a
JOIN serve b ON a.id=b.player_id
JOIN team c ON c.id=b.team_id
WHERE a.name = 'Tim Duncan';
nebula> CREATE TAG INDEX player_name ON player(name);
nebula> REBUILD TAG INDEX player_name OFFLINE;
nebula> LOOKUP ON player WHERE player.name == 'Tim Duncan' YIELD player.name AS name | GO FROM $-.VertexID OVER serve YIELD $-.name, $$.team.name;

示例 3Graph

查找球员 Tim Duncan 的队友。

mysql> SELECT a.id, a.name, c.name
FROM player a
JOIN serve b ON a.id=b.player_id
JOIN team c ON c.id=b.team_id
WHERE c.name IN (SELECT c.name
FROM player a
JOIN serve b ON a.id=b.player_id
JOIN team c ON c.id=b.team_id
WHERE a.name = 'Tim Duncan');

在 nGQL 中,我们使用管道将上一条语句的输出作为下一条语句的输入。

nebula> GO FROM 100 OVER serve YIELD serve._dst AS Team | GO FROM $-.Team OVER serve REVERSELY YIELD $$.player.name;

最后更新: 2020年7月21日